What Is the Coggins' Test?

The Law Of Ueki Episode 1 - What Is the Coggins' Test?

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The Coggins' test is for a serious equine virus called equine infectious anemia (Eia). There is no vaccine or cure for Eia, which is also known as "swamp fever" because of the warm, wet regions of the United States in which it is more common.

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The Law Of Ueki Episode 1

There are three stages to Eia. The acute stage is when the horse shows the symptoms of the disease, which consist of fever; listlessness; swelling in the chest, belly or legs; and no appetite. Although, while the infection progresses, he may not show any symptoms at all, and it may take over a month for the horse to test obvious on the Coggins' test.

According to the Indiana State Board of Animal Health, in the middle of 30 and 50 percent of horses infected with Eia die within two to four weeks of showing introductory symptoms.

Horses that survive the acute phase enter the continuing phase where they will have recurring symptoms of the disease together with weight loss, fever and anemia. Such horses can survive up to a year or more in this stage before finally succumbing to the disease. While appearing salutary at some times, horses can perceive acute episodes again when under stress such as when faced with hot weather, hard work or other disease, agreeing to the Indiana State Board of Animal Health.

Eia is transmitted to horses by insects such as deerflies and horseflies. It can also be transmitted to horses straight through instruments contaminated with infected blood such as needles or tattoo equipment.

Some horses can also be in the asymptomatic carrier stage where they do not show any signs of disease but will test obvious on the Coggins' test. But these horses can also perceive acute episodes when stressed. The Indiana State Board of Animal health notes that these horses in the asymptomatic carrier stage gift the many danger to salutary horses in group gatherings like horse shows or clinics because they appear healthy.

Surviving horses are unable to fully clear themselves of the virus and will remain infected for the rest of their lives, agreeing to the Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory at Purdue University. Affective control of the disease depends on isolation of new, sick, untested or unquestionably testing horses; hygiene with regard to needles and like equipment such as dental tools, fly control and identification of obvious animals.

Horse owners are often required to submit a negative Coggins' test in order to show, move to a new stable, sell their horse or vehicle their horse over state lines. A negative Coggins' test proves that your horse is safe to have colse to other salutary horses.

According to the Us agency of Agriculture (Usda) Animal and Plant health Inspection service (Aphis) fact sheet on the Eia virus, it is the "first persistent virus for which antigenic drift was defined. (Antigenic drift is the virus's quality to convert its form sufficiently so that it is no longer vulnerable to existing antibodies.)"

To decide if a horse is negative on a Coggins' test, a blood sample from the horse is tested for the presence of Eia antibodies. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune theory that recognizes and helps fight infections and other foreign substances in the body. The antibody is exact to the Eia antigen (a foreign substance causing an immune response).

The Coggins' test was industrialized by Dr. Leroy Coggins, a veterinary virologist, in the 1970s. agreeing to the Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory at Purdue University, the test has a 95% accuracy rate and is the most used test for Eia though other tests can be used when the results are questionable or to confirm diagnosis.

According to the Usda Aphis, the percentage of positives for the Coggins' test has declined from "nearly 4 percent in 1972 to less than 0.01 percent in 2005." The agency states that historically the disease was gift particularly in "hot zones" such as Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Missouri, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, North and South Caroline, Virginia, Kentucky, among others. Up-to-date figures show that the prevalence of Eia in the United States is approximately less than 8 in 100,000, agreeing to the Usda Aphis.

Many states have different requirements with regard to handling horses obvious for Eia. Because there is no cure for the disease, and a horse obvious for it is a threat to salutary horses, many states need euthanasia. Others allow for very strict quarantine measures, where horses are removed from the herd and kept in a 200-yard buffer zone away from all other horses. Some need confinement to a screened stall. Isolated horses are to never have perceive with with the rest of the herd again.

Though Eia is low in incidence in the United States, to reduce risk of horses being infected with Eia, the Usda Aphis recommends horseowners:

Never share needles among horses. Dispose of needles after each use.
Sterilize instruments fully after each use.
Keep stables and area clean and drained to avoid attracting insects that spread the disease.
Use insect control such as insecticides.
Quarantine unhealthy, infected animals. Do not breed horses that have tested obvious to Eia.
Quarantine all horse species that are new to your facility until you have a Coggins' test.
Have the Coggins' test follow done and available for horse shows, fairs, and other places where animals co-mingle.
Follow state laws about Eia.

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