The Laws of Physics and How They sway Driving

The Law - The Laws of Physics and How They sway Driving

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Increased speed makes the laws of physics come to be more and more prominent to the driver. These laws, although not enforced by a policeman or written by a law producing body, are literally binding on all drivers, and no one can relax their effect. The laws of physics operate any and every object that moves. The single laws which apply to driving cover areas such as friction, centrifugal force and inertia, impact, and gravity. You should all the time remember that these laws apply to city driving as well as to driving on the highway, because their point increases proportionately with the speed at which you are travelling. However, this record on highway driving would seem the best place to discuss their importance.

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The Law

Proper sight requires enough light and time for a picture to enforce itself on the retina of the eye, be relayed to the brain, and thereby trigger a reaction by the driver. This means that traffic signs, signals, and pavement markings come to be increasingly prominent when driving at higher speeds. These give the driver progress warning of any curves, hills, intersections, or railway crossings that may be ahead, as well as intended maneuvers by other drivers. A driver must learn to recognize all signs and signals instantly, for at higher speeds the time for recognition and reaction becomes shorter and shorter. To facilitate recognition, signs and signals throughout the United States are standardized by shape and color and can reflect light to be seen at night. Remember, it takes time to survey a sign, signal, or condition, and then react to it. Reaction time for a given driver is fairly constant, but the distance travelled in this time is directly connected to speed. Therefore, stopping distances and distances required for evasive action come to be greater as speed is increased.

Friction

Friction is the force which opposes the request for retrial of one outside over another, and is the means through which a car may move in a level line, or may turn or stop. This force is exerted entirely through four small friction areas, also known as, tires. If we assume that the average reaction time is 0.75 seconds than base sense tells us that the faster the car is travelling, the greater the distance it will take to stop. The discrepancy in stopping distance from 40 miles per hour to 70 miles per hour is almost 3.5 times greater. This means that if you can stop within 100 feet at 40 miles per hour, you will need 350 feet of leeway to stop travelling at 70 miles per hour.

These conditions only occur part of the time, however: should the force of friction be reduced by ice, snow, rain, oil, mud, loose gravel, a rough surface, or poor tires, then stopping distances will growth drastically and evasive maneuvers will come to be much more difficult, or even impossible. Because stopping distance increases more rapidly than speed, it is prominent to allow a greater distance in the middle of your car and the car in front as your speed increases.

Inertia and Centrifugal Force

If at any time the frictional force, or traction, in the middle of the four small areas of the tire and road outside are lost, operate is lost as well, and one or both of the following bodily troops may rule the situation: inertia, the tendency of a arresting body to keep arresting in a level line unless an outside force acts to change its direction of motion; and centrifugal force, the tendency of a arresting body turning about a town to fly away from that center. Centrifugal force can be demonstrated by placing a weight on the end of a string and swinging it in a circular motion. If the string is release or breaks, the weight will leave the circular path and continue in a level line.

Obviously, a similar effect can happen to a turning vehicle. A car driving nearby a curve must overcome the centrifugal force in order to make the turn. If the centrifugal force is greater than the friction in the middle of the tires and the road, the car will not be able to turn, but will skid off the highway. The key point is that the friction increases with speed, but the centrifugal force increases even more rapidly. Therefore, the faster your speed, or the sharper the turn, the greater is the opportunity that you will be unable to get nearby safely. If you remember this principle, you will realize that you must slow down before entering a curve, especially if the road is slightly slippery

Brakes should never be applied after entering a curve, as this has a tendency to cut the friction in the middle of the wheels and the road. Remember, friction enables you to move your car, operate it, and stop it. When you think that for each tire the area touching the road outside is about equal to the size of your hand, it is understandable that many factors can cause loss of friction, and resultant loss of control. The greater the speed, the greater the possibility this may happen - and the greater the consequences. Speed must all the time be adjusted to suit road conditions.

As well as the speed of the car, another factor determining either or not you will be able to make a turn safely is the angle at which the road is banked through the curve. The easiest is a banked turn (similar to a race track); the second, a flat road surface; and the third, a crowned surface. The flat road outside is perilous at high speed, and in comparison, in a turn, the crowned outside can only be negotiated at low speeds because the car is tilted against the direction of the curve. On entering sharp curves, there is ordinarily an advisory speed sign posted, telling you the speed at which the curve may be safely taken. One who ignores these signs is literally a very foolish driver.

Kinetic vigor and the Force of Impact

If operate of a car is lost, the usual effect is collision, either with another car or with a fixed object. The all prominent variable in this situation is the force of impact. The force of impact itself is a function of the speed and the weight of the car. If you duplicate the speed of a car before a collision, the force of impact is four times as great. If you triple the speed of the car before collision, the force of impact is multiplied nine times! Weight also has a part to play here; if the weight of the car doubles, the force of impact doubles too. The total effect of doubling the speed and the weight of the car would be to growth the force of impact eight times. Therefore, any collision would necessarily be eight times as damaging. In effect, the impact of hitting a solid object at 30 miles per hour is like driving off a three story building.

Highway engineers use some techniques to cut the force of impact in cases of certain feel with surrounding objects. Level metal guard rails allow a car to descry off rather than hit solidly. Wide road shoulders, free of obstacles such as trees, culverts, and bridge abutments, help to cut the hazard. Where light and sign standards are essential, these poles are designed to sheer or break off literally on contact. The best way to make sure that the force of impact does not act upon your car is to drive at all times in a manner which will avoid collision with any and all objects!

The Force of Gravity

Gravity - the force which attracts objects downwards towards the town of the earth - will cause cars to lose speed going up hills, thereby decreasing their stopping distances; and to accelerate going down hills, thereby expanding their stopping distances.

A good driver will cut his speed when descending a hill; on steep grades, he should put his gear selector into low, so that the engine of the car will act as a brake. Hills are potential driving hazards for other reasons also. They limit visibility; the driver should not pass on or approaching a hill, no matter how gradually the vehicles in front are moving, unless there is a passing lane. At the crest of a hill, the driver must be alert for approaching cars not in their proper lane, or for obstacles in the road ahead, such as a car stopped while waiting to make a left turn. Remember that you must be able to stop your car in the distance you can see ahead either day or night.

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